Income Tax Calculator
Estimate your income tax liability, effective tax rate, and take-home pay instantly. Understand how progressive tax brackets work.
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Use the tax brackets and formula below while the full interactive tool is being built.
How Progressive Tax Brackets Work
Most countries use a progressive tax system where higher income is taxed at higher rates — but only the portion of income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate. This is a common source of confusion: reaching a higher bracket does not mean all your income is taxed at the higher rate.
For example, if you earn $50,000 and the first $10,000 is taxed at 10%, the next $30,000 at 12%, and the remaining $10,000 at 22% — only that last $10,000 is subject to the 22% rate. Your effective tax rate would be much lower than 22%.
US Federal Income Tax Brackets 2024 (Single Filers)
| Taxable Income | Tax Rate |
|---|---|
| $0 – $11,600 | 10% |
| $11,601 – $47,150 | 12% |
| $47,151 – $100,525 | 22% |
| $100,526 – $191,950 | 24% |
| $191,951 – $243,725 | 32% |
| $243,726 – $609,350 | 35% |
| Over $609,350 | 37% |
For reference only. Tax laws change annually. Consult a tax professional for advice specific to your situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a marginal tax rate?▼
Your marginal tax rate is the rate applied to your highest dollar of income — the top bracket you reach. Only the income within that bracket is taxed at that rate, not your entire income.
What is an effective tax rate?▼
Your effective (average) tax rate = total tax paid / total income × 100. It is always lower than your marginal rate because lower portions of income are taxed at lower rates.
What is the difference between gross and net income?▼
Gross income is your total earnings before any deductions. Net income (take-home pay) is what remains after income tax, National Insurance / Social Security, and other deductions are subtracted.